{"id":107,"date":"2024-02-14T20:14:17","date_gmt":"2024-02-14T20:14:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.observingthemortals.com\/?p=107"},"modified":"2024-02-14T20:14:17","modified_gmt":"2024-02-14T20:14:17","slug":"incest-taboo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.observingthemortals.com\/index.php\/2024\/02\/14\/incest-taboo\/","title":{"rendered":"Incest Taboo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><u>Inces<\/u><\/strong>t : Acc to&nbsp;<strong>Seligman (1950)&nbsp;<\/strong>Incest is&nbsp;<strong>sexual intercourse between individuals related in certain prohibited degrees of kinship\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;(Notes and Queries. 1951:113). Or sexually activity between&nbsp;consanguineously related individuals.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Though some exceptions, but it is largely taboo in all societies&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Incest Taboo :Meaning &amp; Explanation<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>it is the&nbsp;rule of prohibition of sexual relationship&nbsp;among certain primary kins.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As it is rule of regulating sexual relationship\/ prohibition, it is different from Exogamy, which is rule of m\u2019age&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Incest As Rule<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u>In Primitive Society<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; associated with fear of supernatural&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Modern Society<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; taboo is justified on the ground of morality &amp; not on basis of superstition.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Exception<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Brother sister m\u2019age&nbsp;among&nbsp;<strong>Traditional Hawaiian Society &#8211; Incuan<\/strong>&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;<strong>Egyptian Royal Family&nbsp;<\/strong>e.g Cleopatra of Egypt was product of incest as it was common in&nbsp;<strong>Ptolemaic dynasty&nbsp;<\/strong>due to&nbsp;<strong><u>economic<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;<strong><u>religious reason<\/u><\/strong>s (Pharaoh member &#8211; status as god)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Peru<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Kachin Tribeman<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; mating with sister or daughter in incestuous but with mother is adulterous&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Lakher of Myanmar<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; Half sibling with same mother can have sexual relation&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Scholars View<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u>Levi Strauss (1969)<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;: Taboo \u21d4 code \u2192 extension of kinship terminology which governs &amp; directs&nbsp;movement of woman&nbsp;b\/w m\u2019age alliance network&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Needham<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; there is no thing as IT (statement) &#8211;\n<ul>\n<li>He gave above quoted examples to support his statement &#8211; which all are exceptions not rule. Rule is incest taboo&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Write about theories&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Conclusion &#8211; what he experienced is exception &amp; incest taboo is feature of most of the societies of world.&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Theories Explaining Existence of Incest Taboo<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u>Childhood Association Thoery<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0: Edward\u00a0<strong><u>Westermarck (1891)<\/u><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Argued that : Overfamiliarity leads to sexual disinterest&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Associated from childhood \u2192 Not sexually attracted \u2192 avoid sexual relation (c\/a&nbsp;<strong>Wastermarck Effect<\/strong>)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evidence supporting\u00a0&#8211;\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u>Kibbutz<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0studied by\u00a0<strong><u>Yaninga salmon<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0in book (<strong>Family &amp; community in the Kibbutz<\/strong>)\n<ul>\n<li>investigated m\u2019age pattern of 2nd gen of 3 well estd. kibbutz in&nbsp;<strong>israel<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Children reared in commune not only avoided m\u2019age, but also sexual r\/l&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Tang Yang Hsi<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0By\u00a0<strong><u>Aurther wolf<\/u><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Study on&nbsp;<strong>chinese<\/strong>&nbsp;in N. Taiwan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>custom c\/l &#8216;<strong>Tang Yang Hsi<\/strong>&#8216; would be daughter-in-law raised from childhood result \u2192&nbsp;&nbsp;unsuccessful m\u2019age&nbsp;most of time due to childhood familiarity&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Criticism of theory\u00a0&#8211;\n<ul>\n<li>Doesn&#8217;t explain why societies have to prohibit m&#8217;age that can be avoided by disinterest.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>why not applied on first cousin m\u2019age.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Even m\u2019age invariably result in absolute intimacy &amp; familiarity&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Psychodynamic Theory<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0\u00a0<strong><u>Sigmund Freud<\/u><\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>strong&nbsp;<strong>erotic<\/strong>&nbsp;impulses experienced within family (primarily by boy for his mother) \u2192 hostility to wards father. \u2192&nbsp;<strong>Oedipus Complex.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>I.T-\u2192 reaction to unconscious impulses&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>criticism &#8211;\n<ul>\n<li><strong><u>Parker (1976)<\/u><\/strong>: among non human primate over long period \u2192 No mother son r\/l&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nor does it a\/c for why parents shouldn\u2019t be interested in committing incest with their children&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Family disruption theory<\/u>&nbsp;:&nbsp;<\/strong><strong><u>Malinowski<\/u><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>sexual competion among family \u2192&nbsp; rivalry &amp; tension \u2192 family can\u2019t funn as effective unit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To curtail this competition \u2192 I.T<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>criticism<\/u><\/strong>&#8211;\n<ul>\n<li>Why society would have set another rules&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>why would brother sister incest be so dispuptive, as it existed in ancient Egypt&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Family Cooperation Theory<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0<strong><u>Taylor<\/u><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>proposed by taylor, elaborated by&nbsp;<strong><u>Levi Strauss&nbsp;<\/u><\/strong>(<strong>alliance theory<\/strong>)&nbsp; &amp;&nbsp;<strong><u>Leslie white.&nbsp;<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taylor :\u00a0 IT \u2192\u00a0 answer to choice b\/w marrying out or\u00a0being killed out due to suspicion &#038; hostility towards others groups\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u201cBreed out or Perish\u201d \u2192 Band Exogamy<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>theory emphasis on use of I.T. as to promote co-op among family group<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Inbreeding Theory<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0<strong><u>Morgan<\/u><\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>Focus on potentially damaging consequences of Inbreeding.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Morgan : early homo noticed&nbsp;<strong>abnormal offspring&nbsp;<\/strong>from Incestous unions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Biological weakness<\/strong>&nbsp;of close kin m&#8217;age was reason for I.T.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Evidence supporting<\/u>&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;<u>Raymond firth<\/u><\/strong>: study on\u00a0<strong>Toikopia<\/strong>\u00a0Living in\u00a0<strong>south pacific<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>idea of&nbsp;<strong>Marai<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2192 barreness, illness &amp; ultimately death.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suggest: Though primitives donot tot have knowledge of inbreeding, they had idea&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Criticism<\/u><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Why some societies prefer endogamy even parallel cousin marriage ?&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>only harmful when harmfull recessive genotypes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Point supporting Inbreeding Thoery<\/u><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Proportion of negative recessive traits to adaptive recessive traits is very high&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In pre-sceintific people there were two groups ; one with incest taboo had reproductive advantage so other died out.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Conclusion<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; Animals species prevent incest by&nbsp;throwing out young once they reach maturity. But human take long time for maturity. Thus instent taboo (IT) is only efficient&nbsp;<strong>cultural solution<\/strong>&nbsp;which maintain&nbsp;genetic variability, Family harmony &amp; Community Co-operation,&nbsp;so combination of&nbsp;socio-functional &amp; inbreeding theory&nbsp;highlights its relevance. Its advantage can explain the spread &amp; persistence, it not theories of origin.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Incest : Acc to&nbsp;Seligman (1950)&nbsp;Incest is&nbsp;sexual intercourse between individuals related in certain prohibited degrees of&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8,9,10,6],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Incest Taboo - Observing The Mortals<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.observingthemortals.com\/index.php\/2024\/02\/14\/incest-taboo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Incest Taboo - 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