{"id":97,"date":"2024-02-14T20:00:47","date_gmt":"2024-02-14T20:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.observingthemortals.com\/?p=97"},"modified":"2024-02-14T20:00:47","modified_gmt":"2024-02-14T20:00:47","slug":"definition-of-marriage-its-universality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.observingthemortals.com\/index.php\/2024\/02\/14\/definition-of-marriage-its-universality\/","title":{"rendered":"Definition of Marriage & It’s Universality"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Many anthropologists have attempted to give a universal definition of m\u2019age but\u00a0non<\/strong>\u00a0satisfactorily encompass all its\u00a0forms & manifestations<\/strong>\u00a0in a single definition b\/c though its universal it has\u00a0different implications for different societies.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Universal definition of m\u2019age has been matter of substantial debate in \u24b6 due to it\u2019s unique implications & variance from one society to other. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primary Disagreement exists due to 2 school of though<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Marriage is union of man & Woman<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Marriage is legitimacy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Legitimacy School<\/u><\/strong> – In it definition is centred around principle of legitimacy. Predominant thinker r<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Westermark<\/u> – <\/strong>He defined marriage as institution where man marry one or more woman & child born as well as partners have rights, duties & obligations to follow.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Radcliffe Brown<\/u><\/strong> – He defined marriage as relationship not prohibited by society<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Malinowski<\/u><\/strong> – Legitimate marriage is one which provides woman a socially recognised husband and her children a socially recognised father.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Criticism<\/u><\/strong> – <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Principle of union of man & woman is not considered.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Further, different types of marriages exists like\n
          \n
        • Woman-woman marriage : Nuers<\/strong> in Africa. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Concubinage (Live-in): Jamaican<\/strong> Negros<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Pre-marital relationships in youth dormitories –  Maria Gond, Masai<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Little Husband  – Irawas<\/strong> (kerala)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Hence, it need not be only between man & woman. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Union of man & Woman School<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • Proposed by Seligman<\/u><\/strong> – who defined it in \u201c6th edition of Notes & queries (1951)<\/strong>\u201d  as Union of  a man and a woman such that the children born to the woman are recognised as legitimate offspring of both the parents.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            criticised<\/u><\/strong> – by Prince peter<\/u><\/strong>, Edmond Leach<\/u><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • polyandrous & polygamous m\u2019age were not considered; & points from above<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Edmond Leach<\/u><\/strong> – union word doesn\u2019t exemplify m\u2019age correctly b\/c don\u2019t lose identity<\/strong> even after m\u2019age\n
                \n
              • Doesn\u2019t take into a\/c plural m\u2019age\n
                  \n
                • Male – Male M\u2019age among Chyne Indians , <\/strong>where one \uc637 have 2 wives – male & transvestite<\/strong> male<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Ghost m\u2019age in Africa <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • considering complexity, only functions of marriage be specified as\n
                    \n
                  • Satisfaction of bio-physical needs<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Economic \u0441\u043e-\u043e\u0440<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • obligation towards children.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Prince Peter<\/u><\/strong>– based on study of polyandrous\/ marriages in Tibet, Nilgiri hills <\/strong>& he said it should be defined by considering role performance by couple & rights & obligation attached to them <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    Modern School<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    • Adopted by Anthropologist like Kathleen Gough,<\/u><\/strong> Iravati Karve<\/u><\/strong> post study of society like Nayars of Kerala <\/strong>where, Sambandham, Talikattu kalyanam’ exist.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Gough<\/u><\/strong> defines mariage as \u201crelationship b\/w woman and one or more person<\/u><\/strong> such that child born out of such situation is not prohibited from being accepted & been allotted rights as available to normal members of society.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      Exception<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        \n
                      • Homosexual marriages like in Azande<\/strong> (Sudan, Africa)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Doesn\u2019t cover concubinage in feudal china<\/strong> where full birth rights are given to children born out of it<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Practice of exhibiting compulsory sexual r\/l on trial basis in Masai tribe<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Male – Male m\u2019age<\/strong> of modern times <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Live in r\/l <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Cattle m\u2019age of Bantu people <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        However, today due to lack of universal definition it is primarily enforced on it’s functions and characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        Current Relevances<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \n
                        • Recently supreme Court acknowledged. “Live-in Relationships<\/strong>‘, in Naz foundation Case<\/strong> \u2018Transgender rights<\/strong>‘ were acknowledged. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Also, new types of marriages like gay marriages<\/strong> & contract marriages<\/strong> are being popularised.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                          Conclusion<\/u><\/strong> – Thus it becomes crucial to study discipline with cultural Relativism<\/u><\/strong> and Emic approach<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          Many anthropologists have attempted to give a universal definition of m\u2019age but\u00a0non\u00a0satisfactorily encompass all its\u00a0forms…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,9,6],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nDefinition of Marriage & It's Universality - Observing The Mortals<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.observingthemortals.com\/index.php\/2024\/02\/14\/definition-of-marriage-its-universality\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Definition of Marriage & It's Universality - 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